Health-Conscious Optimization of Long-Term Operation for Hybrid PEMFC Ship Propulsion Systems

The need to decarbonize the shipping sector is leading a growing interest in fuel cell-based propulsion systems. While Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) represent one of most promising and mature technologies for onboard implementation, they are still prone remarkable degradation. same problem also affecting Lithium-ion batteries (LIB), which usually coupled with PEMFC hybrid powertrains. By including combined degradation effects an optimization strategy, best compromise between costs PEMFC/LIB lifetime could be determined. However, this challenging yet crucial aspect, rarely addressed literature explored. To fill gap, health-conscious here proposed long-term minimization Results show that holistic multi-objective allows 185% increase respect fuel-consumption-minimization-only approach. With progressive ageing PEMFC/LIB, system modifies energy management strategy limit daily operation cost. Comparing results at beginning end plant lifetime, increased by 73% hydrogen consumption 29%. methodology believed useful tool, able give insights into effective involved new type system.